The general purpose of this book is to offer teachers, students and researchers a complete guide for a wide variety of purposes, including: to teach or test for communicative competence and to learn English for employment. For the self-study of the student, the book is designed.2-Chloro-6-fluoropyridazine: a novel fluorine-containing ureide-based antimycobacterial agent with no cytotoxic effects against host cells.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are the most widely used second-line drugs for the treatment of M. tuberculosis, but these drugs cause adverse events due to the nonspecificity of their bactericidal actions. Fluorinated heterocyclic analogs are also highly antimycobacterial, while showing no cytotoxic effects. The combination of 3-(4-methylphenyl)-5-(3-bromophenyl)-2-furanyl-(4-ethyl)pyrimidin-2-ylthioureas (1) with 2-chloro-6-fluoropyridazine (2) was obtained as an antimycobacterial agent. In vitro antimycobacterial activity was evaluated using the resazurin microplate assay and the growth inhibition time assay against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 (the third-generation MTB/Msm strain). The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against M. tuberculosis were 0.25-0.5 μg/mL and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. The colony-forming units of mycobacteria were also decreased to less than 1.0 × 10(3) CFU/mL (i.e., 99.9% bacterial death). Both 1 and 2 showed no cytotoxic effects against Vero cells up to a concentration of 50 μg/mL. The combination of 1 and 2 (1.5:1, μmol/L/μmol/L) showed synergistic antimycobacterial activity with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.4390.Świdwiniec
Świdwiniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kołczygłowy, within Bydgoszcz be359ba680
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